The basic description of Bioanalysis is the study of various diseases and illness that effect man and the cure or drug that will eradicate these diseases and provide a better life for the people. These days, innumerable new diseases and bacteria arise because of the several changes in the environment and surrounding. So, there is a need to research for these new molecules that may affect the lives of people and provide an appropriate cure to overcome this problem.
Basically, bioanalysis can be categorized as a sub-discipline of analytical chemistry. Bioanalysis work day out to find solutions on their research and help provide a better living in the society. Bioanalysis earned its recognition with the discovery drugs like aspirin and sulfonamides. Various other antibiotics where synthesized with further research.
The work of a bioanalysis can be done using various bioanalytical techniques. Some of well known bioanalysis techniques are hyphenated techniques, chromatographic methods, electrophoresis, and ligand binding assays, mass spectrometry and the nuclear magnetic resonance. Each of the above mentioned techniques and methods are widely implemented to find medications for various diseases and help promote live to man.
A sample of a specimen is taken and is subjected to the diseased. After a certain period of time, symptoms start to show and an appropriate remedy is induced to eradicate the disease.
One needs to have good laboratory equipment and updated technology to go on par with new requirements that are challenging in medical field. For instance, a small requirement of sample collection needs a good refrigerator and a continuous power supply and an experienced laboratory technician. The phlebotomists who collect the samples both outdoor and indoor need various kinds of equipment depending on their requirements. The mobile equipment used by mobile phlebotomists is comparatively more challenging as they need to be smaller, yet complying with the same requirements.
The samples collected may be transferred from one place to the other which also needs fast and safe transport facility timely increasing the requirements. Also, the mobile phlebotomists never know what they need to carry more than the requirement to counter the wastage situations. One needs a good experience in this field before working independently. There are certifications that be done in this field adding to the profile of the employee. Though this is field that has repetitive work, it has its challenges too. Clinical sample collection is a challenging yet satisfying field and it needs alertness and attention to the work as it works with lives of people – adding to the value of a phlebotomist.
Ever wondered how much pain and process that a medical or pharmaceutical or biotech company would have to undergo to release a new drug or device into the market? They will have to submit all their work to the government to get grants and permission to release the product in the market. Here, during this process, there is an intermediate organization or corporation that acts on behalf of the company releasing the product. They create a portfolio for the product and control all the basic obligations like designing a protocol, keeping an eye on the inspection and tests, preparing the paperwork to be submitted for a grant and evaluating the results. This organization or firm is called as a CRO, clinical research organization.
The CROs came into existence when pharmaceutical companies wanted to find out the profits that they could gain from releasing a particular drug into the market. After all the R&D for each drug costs them a fortune and they outsource the market analysis to other companies, which are now known as CROs. This has reduced a lot of effort and manpower on the part of pharmaceutical companies, thereby saving them a lot of money. Lately, all major CROs have started accepting data management, development and medical coding.
Biomarkers are basically excess substances present in a body tissue or fluids. These are classified into two types namely metabolites and molecular entities. These biomarkers were studied by researchers for quite some years leading to discovery of diseases in certain parts with just monitoring the levels of these biomarkers in certain parts of the body. The assays are produced to show the activity level of the drug in the boy of an organism. Immunoassays are basically the biochemical tests done on solutions to know the chemical composition and substances it (solution) holds inside it. ELIZA (enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a method used to detect the presence of biomarkers in the tissues.
Though biomarkers are a deformity in the body they act as a great tool to monitor and diagnose the problems in the fields of oncology, virology etc. The prominent advances done with the help of biomarkers is in the treatment of HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer where a drug named Herceptin was developed to counter the effects and to permanently cure the disease. The other drug named Tarveca, from the same developers of Herceptin, could help counter pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Hence Biomarkers are held as a great weapon by the modern molecular-biologists countering the diseases and controlling them leading them to their history.
There are many advances in various fields of science, which help man to understand and overcome his common problems. The field of medicine has also received its fair share of progression for synthesizing medicines for innumerable diseases. All this credit owes to only one specific kind of biochemists; they are called as bioanalytical scientists. A bioanalytical scientist analyzes and promotes health of people, thus making him a very important person.
Only candidates with a master’s or a doctoral degree can be certified to become a Bioanalytical scientist. The basic work of a bioanalytical scientist is that he/she tests the effects of several molecules on the human body. He/she has to study various symptoms because of these molecules and the harm they will cause if they are not treated with the right medicine. The tests use various samples to determine the right cure or drug that would eradicate the illness or disease in the human body.
This way, a study can be carried out for precautionary measures incase there might be a disease outbreak and can help save lives. Once the medicine or cure has been synthesized for the disease, it needs to be approved by the authorities and they will certify it as safe for human consumption. bioanalytical scientist work constantly to provide a better living for everyone.
Any medical waste is considered as impurities degradation product. As long as there are undisposed medical wastes in the clinic, there is a huge vulnerability for people to catch bio-hazardous infections. Everybody has a responsibility in taking care of the impure degraded products, however, it is the duty of the maintenance department to take due care of these disease causing contaminants.
If proper impurities degradation product disposal is not done, then everybody is at risk. Nevertheless, when the maintenance personnel are handling the products, they must ensure their own safety by wearing gloves, face masks and cleaning themselves with disinfectants. There are many cases where these people accidently hurt themselves with used needles, which may pose blood borne diseases.
By taking good care of impurities degradation products, the threat of spreading infections gets condensed. It also provides an appealing and pleasant atmosphere. A timely check of these impure degraded products will result in bringing down the odors and pungent smell that we usually come across in many hospitals. This attracts insects and other germs, hence need immediate discarding. Make sure that these contaminants never bury under the close vicinity of any residential land or lake, as that would pollute the ground and lead to diseases in future.
In vitro and In vivo testing accelerated for past a decade lead to the discovery of cytochrome P450 (CYP). Though these helpful tests proves to be effective in countering the wrong medication and knowing the reactions of the enzymes of the body to various chemicals in medicine, there exists some challenges for pharmacokineticists who rely on these experiments. The in vitro testing done in the laboratory under a simulated environment fails to proceed the same way in in vivo conditions or in the body conditions of the patient. One of the reasons being the behavior of plasma differing among different subjects as compared to its in vitro counterpart – hepatic cytosol, there are many more significant reasons that affect the results in practice.
As a reason to counter the immunity of a virus or a bacteria entering a patient’s body there are increasing concerns about multiple medications taken by the patient at the same time. The reason behind is the probable faulty interaction among various drugs and chemical incompatibility. Some of the companies outsource the In Vitro and In Vivo testing work (that does DPMK – Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics and LADME – Liberation, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) to other research laboratories carrying out more work simultaneously. Through CYP mediated metabolism, one could study the effects theoretically which of course can differ with practical experimentation slightly. Still improving, this field has a lot to offer and it stands as a vital testing procedure when paid deep detail observation during In vitro testing.
Pharmacokinetics is a significant and pivotal branch in the field of medicine. If it ain’t for the rules, parameters and controlled tests performed with accordance with pharmacokinetics, no drug or anti-biotic can be released into the market. It is like a close loop study of the kinetics of the drug and the body, i.e., how the drug reacts with the body, or how the body affects the drug, in general. Many anti-cancer drugs have found profound help by this method of scrutinizing.
Drug metabolism is a very important factor, in fact that is the main criteria of conducting several studies and observations in the name of pharmacokinetics; to determine the course of working and coming to conclusions, or improvisations. Another major question that this method answers is whether the particular medicine or drug works well by injecting it or by consuming it in the form of tablet. Whichever method works faster and with less side-effect is made as the default method.
This is exactly the whole plan behind pharmacokinetics; which is to reduce the negative properties of the drug and increase the positive effects. Finally, the tests conducted would also reveal how the drug is eliminated or excreted from the body, thus completing the entire sequence.
When developing a drug, it is important to determine the extent to which the protein present in the drug will bind with the plasma. This binding of plasma consequently results in the distribution of the drug into the tissues of the body. This way, there can be an easy way to see if the medicine would pass thoroughly and act according to the plan, or will it be intertwined with a plasma altogether, which will stop the progress of the medication, to any further extent. In short, the plasma protein binding free drug assay will give a clear cut idea on whether the treatment with that particular drug will cure the target molecules or not.
According to the binding, a graph or statistical data is prepared, which is used to rate the plasma protein binding capacity. A lower fraction means that the protein binds widely to the plasma, thereby not much effective in curing the disease. This data is collected and stored as pharmacokinetic information. However, if the compound does not come to a stable state, then the plasma protein binding free drug assay results will be erratic or difficult to interpret. On the whole, the plasma protein binding free drug assay is very significant in understanding the way of the drug, at molecular level.
Lab equipment is the key behind popularity, quality and accuracy of the result produced, may the test be a simple blood test or an MRI scan. Most of the lab equipment that is constantly updated due to advancing technology needs to be changed frequently resulting in incurring high costs. Hence an easier way of hiring is employed by companies that cannot afford to buy huge equipment every small period. There exists some firms that lease the equipment to the labs and hospitals making them enjoy its benefits at lower prices. More the
A wrong notion in people of spoilt equipment being transferred for the clients who are charged the same rates is clearly a misconception as the equipment has a crew to take care of it, making sure that one doesn’t get any problems with the same. However, the costs depend on the demand and scarcity of the equipment. The equipment is also guaranteed to give as good performance as the new one. One should also know that the equipment, as frequently gets updated, there is almost always a newer version to demand for and these companies does not hesitate to comply with its most valuable assets’ demand keeping one updated with the equipment.