However the main use of ELISE biomarkers remains in developing antibodies, and testing the body’s own immune response to certain substances. This process is relatively easy to understand. Essentially an unknown quantity of antigen is attached to a surface, before the antibody is applied to the surface in order to bind to the antigen. The antibody meanwhile is also linked to an enzyme, and this then allows for the ELISA biomarkers to be used to signal successful attachment. Normally this will be a simple change in color for the chemical substrate.
An ELISA test then requires one antibody which has a particularity for a specific antigen. Here the sample with the unspecified amount of antigen is immobilized using a solid support.
This will normally be a polystyrene plate. Once this antigen has been immobilized, the detection agent gets added which then forms a complex with the antigen. This detection antibody is either covalently attached to an enzyme, or is itself detectable via a second antibody – and here this is linked to an enzyme via bioconjugation.
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