CRO stands for a Clinical Research Organization which is referred to as a contract research organization. This is an independent organization which is concerned in the conduct of a clinical trial. A CRO then is not a single orgnization, but rather an umbrella term used to describe the organization used in any clinical trial in order to handle data management, communication between sponsors, the coordination of investigators, the investigators themselves (clinical researchers or the physicians) and the Institutional Review Board. The purpose of a CRO is to monitor various clinical phases and provide CRAs (Clinical Research Associates) to do the monitoring for each clinical trial, and then to collect and refine and analyze the data. The CRO will also often own research sites or a single site.
A CRO then can be seen almost as a contractor but for clinical trials of biochemistry and pharmaceuticals. They will be funded by a benefactor, client or organization and will then organize the necessary trials and all involved individuals in order to provide the results.
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